Business Ethics, the Environment &Responsibility, Volume 32, Issue 4, Page 1452-1469, October 2023.

We show that Sacks' and Shoenfield's analogs of jump inversion fail for both tt- and wtt-reducibilities in a strong way. In particular we show that there is a ${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{2}^{0}$ set B > tt ∅′ such that there is no c.e. set A with A′ ≡ wtt B. We also show that there is a ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_{2}^{0}$ set C > tt ∅′ such that there is no ${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{2}^{0}$ set D with D′ ≡ wtt C.

a) Das sprachlich-Iogische Interesse der Gegenwartsphilosophie Wer die zeitgenossische philosophische Diskussion verfolgt, dem muB sogleich auffallen, wie sehr heute in vielen Kreisen der Zugang zu allen Problemen yom SprachIichen und Logischen her gesucht wird, wie der Gebrauch von Wortern und Zeichen, wie die fiir deren Systeme geltenden Gesetze ins Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit geruckt sind. EinfluBreiche philosophische Bucher tragen Titel wie: "Logisch-philosophische Ab­ handlung", "Der logische Aufbau der Welt", "Der Wahrheitsbegriff in den formaIisierten Sprachen", "Ethik und Sprache"l, um nur einige besonders (...) wichtige und charakteristische Werke aus der Fulle der vor­ handenen herauszugreifen. 1m Zusammenhang damit ist ein hoch­ entwickeltes technisches Niveau der Terminologie erreicht worden, und Ergebnisse von groBer philosophischer Tragweite sind zu verzeichnen; vor allem die neuen Einsichten in die Moglichkeiten und Grenzen der FormaIisierung sind von kaum zu uberschatzender Wichtigkeit2. Besonders symptomatisch fur das Anwachsen des dem Sprachlichen und Logischen bezeugten Interesses ist die seit der Jahrhundertwende an verschiedenen Orten neu einsetzende Ausarbeitung einer ganz all­ gemeinen Theorie der Zeichen. Denker wie C. S. PEmcE, E. HUSSERL nnd F. DE SAUSSURE, welchc voneinander weitgehendst unabhangigen Traditionen angehoren, stehen am Ausgangspunkt dieser Entwicklung. Da die einzelnen Linien dieser Entwicklung bisher noch kaum neben­ einander gesetzt worden sind, diirfte ein Versuch, sie kurz zu skizzieren, erwiinscht sein: In den Vereinigten Staaten ist es der mathematische Logiker C. S. PEIRCE (1839-1914), der eine allgemeine Zeichentheorie ("semiotic") begriindete und ihr die Untersuchung der sprachlichen Zeichen unterordnete. (shrink)

Corporate governance is increasingly becoming an issue of global concern, not least because we are more and more living in a corporate world that transcends international boundaries. The main purpose and motivation of this study is to determine how the international community should motivate businesses in fostering exemplary corporate governance, therefore eliminating obstacles to ethically exemplary behavior. The empirical approach utilized here has been applied to 161 businesses, both listed and over-the-counter (OTC) companies, with the results indicating that ethical considerations, (...) corporate governance and organizational performance are inextricably linked and, to an extent, demonstrably proportional. This study also indicates a major finding that family management is a significant mediating variable of the ethical considerations of corporate governance and organizational performance. Finally, this study has developed an operational model of ethical considerations of corporate governance as a consultancy aid for businesses that wish to implement and/or boost their performance in respect to corporate governance. (shrink)

Buddhist teachings and biography of Wisalo Phikkhu, a Thai monk known for his writings on nonviolence and meditation, and the abbot of a temple in Chaiyauphum Province, Central Thailand.

A strong degree of categoricity is a Turing degree [Formula: see text] such that there is a computable structure [Formula: see text] that is [Formula: see text]-computably categorical (there is a [Formula: see text]-computable isomorphism between any two computable copies of [Formula: see text]), and such that there exist two computable copies of [Formula: see text] between which every isomorphism computes [Formula: see text]. The question of whether every [Formula: see text] degree is a strong degree of categoricity has been (...) of interest since the first paper on this subject. We answer the question in the affirmative, by constructing an example. (shrink)

In this paper a semantics for dynamic predicate logic is developed that uses sequence valued assignments. This semantics is compared with the usual relational semantics for dynamic predicate logic: it is shown that the most important intuitions of the usual semantics are preserved. Then it is shown that the refined semantics reflects out intuitions about information growth. Some other issues in dynamic semantics are formulated and discussed in terms of the new sequence semantics.